Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysterious and macabre. Poe was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. His parents, touring actors, both died in Poe's early childhood, and the boy was raised by John Allan, a successful businessman of Richmond, Virginia who was presumably his godfather. Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, he was placed in a private school. Upon returning to the United States in 1820 he continued to study in private schools and attended the University of Virginia for a year, but in 1827 his foster father, displeased by the young man's drinking and gambling, refused to pay his debts and forced him to work as a clerk. Poe, disliking his new duties intensely, left the job, thus estranging Allan, and went to Boston. There his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), was published anonymously. Shortly afterwards Poe enlisted in the US Army and served a 2-year term. In 1829 his second volume of verse, Al Aaraaf, was published, and he effected a reconciliation with Allan, who secured him an appointment to the US Military Academy. After only a few months at the academy Poe was dismissed for neglect of duty, and his foster father disowned him permanently. Poe's third book, Poems, appeared in 1831, and the following year he moved to Baltimore, where he lived with his aunt and her 11-year-old daughter, Virginia Clemm. The following year his tale "A MS. Found in a Bottle" won a contest sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. From 1835 to 1837 Poe was an editor of the Southern Literary Messenger. In 1836 he married his young cousin. Through the next decade, much of which was marred by his wife's long illness, Poe worked as an editor for various periodicals in Philadelphia and New York. In 1847 Virginia died and Poe himself became ill; his disastrous alcohol addiction and his alleged use of drugs may have contributed to his early death in Baltimore, on October 7, 1849. Stories Poe, by his own choice, was a poet, but economic necessity forced him to turn to the relatively profitable genre of prose. Whether or not Poe invented the short story, it is certain that he originated the novel of detection. Perhaps his best-known tale in this genre is "The Gold Bug" (1843), about a search for buried treasure. "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" (1841), "The Mystery of Marie Rogkt" (1842-1843), and "The Purloined Letter" (1844) are regarded as predecessors of the modern mystery, or detective, story. Many of Poe's tales are distinguished by the author's unique grotesque inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction. Such stories include "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1839); "The Pit and the Pendulum" (1842); "The Tell-Tale Heart" (1843); and "The Cask of Amontillado" (1846). tale -рассказ mysterious -таинственный Macabre -жуткий touring actors -бродячие артисты to raise -вырастить successful -успешный presumably -вероятно, возможно godfather -крестный отец upon -после to attend -посещать displeased -недовольный debt -долг to force -вынуждать duty -обязанность intensely сильно thus -таким образом to estrange -отстранять, отдалять shortly -вскоре afterwards -в будущем to enlist -добровольно поступать на военную службу to serve -служить volume -книга verse -стих reconciliation -примирение to secure -гарантировать appointment -назначение to dismiss -увольнять neglect -пренебрежение disown -отрекаться permanently -неизменно to appear -появляться contest -состязание to sponsor -устраивать to mar -портить disastrous -бедственная addiction -пагубная привычка alleged -предполагаемое to contribute -способствовать to force -вынуждать relatively -относительно profitable -доходный, прибыльный genre -жанр whether or not -так или иначе to invent -придумывать certain -известный to originate -создать perhaps -возможно buried -зарытые to regard -считать predecessor -предшественник to distinguish -отличаются grotesque -нелепый in addition -в дополнение superb -превосходный plot -сюжет translation:
    Эдгар Алан По (1809-1849), американский писатель, известный как поэт и критик, но наиболее известен как мастер коротких историй, особенно рассказов про таинственное и жуткое.
    По родился в Бостоне в 19 января 1809 года. Его родители, бродячие артисты, оба умерли еще в его раннем детстве. И мальчика вырастил Джон Алан, успешный бизнесмен из Ричмонда, Виржиния, который возможно был его крестным отцом. В шесть лет семья Аланов забрала его в Англию, где он был помещен в частную школу. После возвращения в Соединенные Штаты в 1820 он продолжил обучение в частной школе и посещал университет в Виржинии в течение года. ............