Plan

1)          Scotland

2)          Scotland (translation)

3)          Vocabulary

4)          Questions

5)          Answer the questions

6)          List of books

1. Scotland

Scotland is a very small country. It is 274 miles (441 kilometres) long. The coastline is so jagged that it adds up to 2000 miles (3218 kilometres). At its widest point it is 154 miles (248 kilometres). At its narrowest it is only 25 miles (40 kilometres). Due to Scotland's narrowness and its deep inlets, it is hardly possible to get far away from the sea. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

Scotland occupies the northern third of the islands of Great Britain. The river Tweed and the Cheviot Hills form Scotland's southern border with England. The Northwest Channel separates south-western Scotland from Northern Ireland. The northwest coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. The eastern coast is washed by the North Sea, which separates Scotland from the mainland of Europe.

Scotland has three main land regions. They are, from north to south, the Highlands, the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.

The Highlands is a barren region that covers the northern two thirds of Scotland. There are two major mountain ranges. The highest peak on the British Isles is 4406 feet (1343 meters). It is Ben Nevis. Much of the land in the Highlands is a treeless area called a moor or a heath. Most Highlanders live on the narrow coastal plains. To the south of the Highlands lies the Central Lowlands, a narrow belt comprising about one-tenth of the area of Scotland, but containing the majority of the country's population.

The Central Lowlands are traversed by several chains of hills. The Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands consist of moors broken in some places by rocky cliffs. The tops of the hills are rich pasture land. Many sheep and cattle are raised in the southern uplands.

Like the climate of the rest of Great Britain, that of Scotland is subjected to the moderating influences of the surrounding seas. As a result of these influences, extreme seasonal variations of climate are rare and temperate winters and cool summers are the outstanding climatic features. Low temperatures, however, are common during the winter season in the mountainous districts of the interior.

The river Clyde is Scotland's most important river. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean can sail up the Clyde to Glasgow. The Clyde was narrow and shallow until the 1700's when engineers widened and deepened the river to make it navigable. Scotland's longest rivers flow eastward into the North Sea.

Many of Scotland's rivers flow into wide bays called firths.

Scotland has hundreds of islands. A large group of islands called the Hebrides lie off the western coast of Scotland's mainland.

Population of Scotland was about 5 million people. The highest density of population is in the Central Lowlands, where nearly three-quarters of the Scots live, and the lowest is in the Highlands.

The most populous city in Scotland is Glasgow. It has the population of about 655 000 people.

There are two languages spoken. English is generally spoken and fewer than 100,000 Scots, who are mainly inhabitants of the Highlands and island groups, also speak the Scottish form of Gaelic.

Scotland is an integral part of Great Britain. It is represented by 72 members in the House of Commons and by 16 Scottish peers in the House of Lords.

Scottish affairs are administered by a British cabinet ministry, headed by the secretary of state for Scotland.

2. Scotland (translation)

Шотландія є дуже маленькою країною. Її довжина становить 274 милі (441 кілометр). Берегова лінія настільки поцяткована, що в цілому її довжина становитиме 2000 миль (3218 кілометрів). У найширшому місці її ширина досягає 154 милі (248 кілометрів). У найвужчому — тільки 25 миль (40 кілометрів). Через невелику ширину Шотландії та її неглибокі морські затоки, що глибко врізаються в сушу, практично неможливо відійти далеко від моря. Единбург – столиця Шотландії.

Шотландія займає північну третину островів Великобританії. Ріки Твід і Чевіот Хіллс утворюють південний кордон Шотландії з Англією. Північно-західний канал відокремлює південно-західну Шотландію від Північної Ірландії. Північно-західне узбережжя виходить до Атлантичного океану. Східне узбережжя омивається Північним морем, що відокремлює Шотландію від материкової Європи.

Шотландія має три головні регіони. Це, з півночі на південь, Високогір'я, Центральні низовини і Південне нагір'я.

Високогір'я — це неродюча область, яка охоплює дві третини північної Шотландії. Тут знаходяться два головні гірські пасма. ............