"Urals State Technical University - UPI" Foreign language department Thesis "Cultural Values" Student: Zaitseva S.V. Group: PП-4 Supervisor: Hramushina Zh.A. Ekaterinburg 2004
     Table of contents: Summary 3 Key words 4 Introduction 5 1. Definitions: beliefs, values 7 The value / belief puzzle 8 Contrastive orientations 12 Japanese interpersonal norms 15 2. Japanese and American patterns of social behavior 22
    The national status image 25
    A Cultural model of interaction 27
    Seven statements about Americans 31 3. Factors influencing values 40 Intercultural communication: a guide to men of action 40 Cuisine, etiquette and cultural values 52 Patterns of speech 55 4. Contrast Russian's stereotypes 58 Nine statements about Russians 58 Middle Eastern interview responses 61 5. American's view of Russian. Russian's view of American 65 American interview responses 65 Russian interview responses 75 Conclusion 79 Literature 80 Appendix SUMMARY
    A diploma work contains 80 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure, 4 books are a source of it.
    Key words: cross-cultural communication, values, beliefs, clusters, stereotypes.
    In detail it is said about concept "values", factors influencing values, the meaning of values in intercultural communication and understanding between different nations.
    In brief it is mentioned differences between beliefs, values.
    The actuality and novelty of a theme consist in the following points.
    Problems of the intercultural communications and cultural values are "young". Scientists started to consider them rather recently. In Russia researches have begun only in the 80th years. In such a way, there is not enough literature and materials on the given questions. Therefore any new works and researches make the significant contribution to studying these problems.
    So in my work I tried: to research the influence of cultural values to attitude one country to another; to explore and to compare Japanese and American patterns of social behavior; to understand the factors influencing values; to discover stereotypes between different countries.
    In conclusion it is noted that excellent knowledge of language is only half-affair for successful cooperation with other country. Also it is necessary to know features of people of other country in negotiating or their attitude to business. Also it is necessary to take into account features of dialogue, etiquette, relations with grown-ups and many other things. KEY WORDS
    Cross-cultural communication is the information exchange between one person and any other source transmitting a message displaying properties of a culture different to the one of the receiver's culture. The source of such a message can be either a person, in an interpersonal communication process, or any form of mass media or other form of media.
    Values. A value is something that is important to people - like honesty, harmony, respect for elders, or thinking of your family first. They are represents what is expected or hoped for, required or forbidden. It is not a report of actual conduct but is the inductively based logically ordered set of criteria of evaluations by which conduct is judged and sanctions applied.
    Beliefs are generally taken to mean a mental acceptance or conviction in the truth or actuality of something. A belief links an object or event and the characteristics that distinguish it from others. The degree to which we believe that an event or object possesses certain characteristics reflects the level of our subjective probability (belief) and, consequently, the depth or intensity of our belief. The more certain we are in a belief, the greater is the intensity of that belief.
    Clusters are groups of inter-related industries that drive wealth creation in a region and provides a richer more meaningful representation of local industry drivers and regional dynamics trends than traditional methods and represents the entire value chain of a broadly defined industry from suppliers to end products, including supporting services and specialized infrastructure.
    Stereotype is a fixed set of ideas about what a particular type of person or thing is like, which is (wrongly) believed to be true in all cases.
     INTRODUCTION
    The subject of my diploma work is cultural values.
    Our perception of foreign cultures is usually based not on their complex reality, but on the simplified image they project. The clearer and more sharply defined that image is, the more convinced we will be that we are intimately acquainted with it: it is a mere outward confirmation of knowledge we already possess.
    All cultures have been designed to meet universal human needs: for shelter - for love - for friendship. While they have commonalties, they have great variety too! Values - universal feature of culture, how they might vary within and between cultures.
    One universal feature of culture is values. A value is something that is important to people - like honesty, harmony, respect for elders, or thinking of your family first.
    We can't see values directly, but we can see them reflected in people's ordinary, day to day behavior. What we value shapes what we do. If respect for elders is important to me, I might listen very patiently to grandmother's stories and not argue with her. ............