КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

по дисциплине: Деловой английский язык

PRICES AND MARKETS

1. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и выражения.

Determinant-определить, valuable-ценный, commodity-товар, subjective- субъективный, worth- стоящий, ценность, transaction- сделка, reveal- раскрывать, nowadays- в настоящее время, kind- вид, arise- возникнуть, necessarily- обязательно, familiar- знакомый, meaning- значение, arrangement- договоренность, requirement- требование, efficiently- эффективно, foreign-иностранный, participants- участники, commodity- товар, countrywide- по всей стране, world-wide- по всему миру, foodstuff's- пищевые продукты, the same thing- та же самая вещь, the basic determinants of price-базовое определение цены, subjective value- субъективная ценность, the economic worth of value-экономически обоснованная цена, market transactions- рыночные сделки, exchange of goods and services- обмен товарами и услугами, a much wider meaning- намного более широкое значение, the small ad. Columns-маленькая колонка объявлений, on a countrywide basis-общенациональное значение, under market conditions-под действием рыночных условий.

2. К каждому термину из левой колонки подберите русский перевод. Запишите получившиеся пары и выучите слова и выражения.

 

ad. Рекламный buyer покупатель commodity товар concern забота; интерес; дело; отношение; касательство consumer goods потребительские товары dealing сделка, операция ease легкость imply заключать в себе, значить; подразумевать kind вид meaning значение participant участник particularly особенно represent представлять, означать reveal раскрывать seller продавец separate отдельный supply предложение transaction сделка

 

3. Внимательно прочитайте текст № 1, переведите его устно.

Price and Value

In this chapter we discuss the basic determinants of price. Price is not the same thing as value. Things are 'valuable' because people think they are, and for no other reason. The 'value' which an individual places on a commodity can not be measured; its value will be different for different people. This kind of subjective value is not the concern of the economist who is interested only in 'value in exchange'. The economic worth of value of a good can only be measured in some kind of market transaction which reveals the value of the good in terms of what is offered in exchange for it. If 5 Ib of potatoes will exchange for 5 Ib of sugar, then the 'price' of 1 Ib of sugar is 5 Ib of potatoes. Nowadays practically all exchanges represent an exchange of goods and services for money, and prices in terms of money are the market value of the things they buy.

Markets

Prices arise in exchange transactions and this implies some kind of market. This need not, necessarily, be a fixed location - a building, or a market place. We are all familiar with the open and covered markets in the centres of our towns, but in the modem world the word 'market' has a much wider meaning. Any effective arrangement for bringing buyers and sellers into contact with one another is defined as a market. The small ad. columns of the local newspaper provide a very efficient market for second-hand cars. Face to face contact between buyers and sellers is not a requirement for a market to be able to operate efficiently. In the foreign exchange market, buyers and sellers are separated by thousands of miles, but the knowledge of what is happening in the market is just as complete, and the ease of dealing is just as effective as if the participants were in the same room.

For some commodities, notably fresh fruit and vegetables, the traditional market is still the normal arrangement, but for most goods the market is a national one. Most consumer goods, in developed countries, are bought, and sold on a countrywide basis. For other commodities the market is world-wide. This is particularly true of the more important primary products such as rubber, tin, copper, and oil, and of the basic foodstuff's such as meat, wheat, sugar, tea, and coffee. Most of the products of advanced technology also have world markets, for example, computers, aeroplanes, ships, and motor cars.

The price of any economic good, under market conditions such as we find in the capitalist world, is determined by the forces of supply acting through the sellers and the forces of demand acting through the buyers, determine the market price.

4. Найдите в тексте слова из задания № 2. Выпишите предложения с ними и переведите их письменно на русский язык.

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