1Communicative types of s-ces 3 cardinal s-ce types:declarative, imperative,interrogative.Dec-ve expr-s a statement(affir-ve/neg) Im-ve - inducement(aff/neg),- request/command. Int-ve - request for infor-n. Ch.Fries: classed them acc-g to responses they elict. In this system utter-ce is chosen as a universal speech unit. 1)situation ut-s2) response ut-s. 1)were dividedinto 3 groups: a)ut followed by oral responses (greetings, calls,questions. hello! dad!) b)ut-s eliciting action res-s (requests/commands). c)ut-s eliciting conventional signals of attention to continuous discours(statements). Also exist non-commun-ve ut-s (charact-c of surprise,anger, pain-Oh!,Darn!). Another type is recognized-exclamatory s-ce. 1 Each of cardinal com-ve s-ces can be repres-ed in 2 variants: excl-ry/non-exc. What a nice dog! It's a very nice dog.Then why in God's name did you come ?Why did you come?In the light of of theory of actual division: each comm-ve type is distin-ed by spec. act-al div-n features,which are revealed in the nature of rheme. Dec-ve s-s espr-s certain proposition.Rheme makes up centre os statement-the next instant she had recogn-ed him.- rheme. Imp-ve s-s exp-s an urge to do smth/not to do. Rheme exp-s inform-ve nucleus of inducement. Its thematic subject is zeroed. Don't try to sidetrack me! Inter-ve s-s expr-s inquiry about inf-n.Rheme is informat-ly opened. Purely excl-ry s-s -interjectional exlamations (Good Lord!) 2The simple s-ce and its parts This is s-ce in which only 1 pred -ve line is expr-ed. The nominative parts are subj, pred-te,obj,adverbial, attr-te,parenthetical enclosure, adressing enc-re,interjectional enc-re. The parts are arranged in hierarchy, all perfom modifying roles. Subj- person-modifier of subj-person. Obj-substance-mod-ierof a processu al part.Adve-l, attr-te are quality mod-iers,pareth enc-speaker bound mod-er,adr-g enc-re-mod-er of destination,interj. enc-speaker bound emotional mod. The idea of verbal valency-principle of dividing s-ce parts into obligatory and optional.We disting-sh between unexpanded simple s-s(monopredic-ve s-s formed only by oblig-ry notional 2 parts and expended s. s-s( mopr. s. which includes oblig. parts+ optional parts, suplementive mod-iers which don't constituate pred-ve enlargement of the s-ce. The tall trees by the island shore were shaking violently in the gusty wind.-exp-ed. Acc-g to presence of both members s-s are classed into 2-member/1m. 1-axis constructions(who will meet us?-Mary).Free 1-axis s-s - elliptical. Reflecting the cat-es of Subj:s-s are divided into personal/im# Pred-te:s-sare div-ed into process featuring(verbal) and substance # Subj-obj rel-s:s-s are subjective(J lives in London) /objective(J reads a book and neutral(John reads). 3The concept of Parad-tic Syntax In contemprorary ling-cs paradig-c approach provides theoretical ground for treating the s-ce as a meaningful linqual unit existing in a pattern form. Paradigma-cs finds its essential expr-n in system of oppositions. Syntactic opp-ns are realized correlated s-ce patterns the observable relations between which can be described by transformations, as transitions from 1 pattern of certain notional parts to another pattern. So some patterns should be approached as base patterns and others as their transforms. Question is is produced from statement, negation from affirmation. 11 elementsthat relate given s to 1 that precedes it and semantically complete. On basis of funct-l nature of connc-rs cumulation is divided into 1)conjunctive(then, moreover,consequently,hence, besides) 2)correlative a)substitutional connection(Mary woke me. She said..) b)representativeI went home. She accepted my departure indifferantly. Elementary unit-segment of text Can be built by a cumeleme or a single s. This unit is called dicteme. In written sp it's pes-d by paragraph. P-s are conn-ed within frame work of larger elements of text.P groupings compose chapters of other compositional divisions. 4The Kernel Sentence The initial basic element of syntactic derivation,unit serving as sen-ce-root and providing objective ground for identifying syntactic categorial oppositions. The pattern of KS. is interpreted as forming the base of paradig-c derivation. Derivation isn't change 1 s into another. It's production of more complex pattern const-s out of kernel pattern const-s as their structural bases. I saw him come=I saw him+he came. K.S. is an elementary s-ce which is non-inter-ve,non-imper-ve, non-negative,non-modal. 4 Procedures of derivation: 1)morphological arrangement (morph.changes expressing synt actically relevant categories: tense, aspect,voice)John+start= J starts.2)usesof functional words he understood me-he seemed to# 3)substitution The boys played- they played.4)Deletion Would you like a cup of tea?-a cup of tea? 5)intonational arrag-t we must go- we must go?6)positional arr-nt the man is here Is the man here? 5Syntactic Nominalization Kernel s-s expand base s-s undergo derivation changes into clauses and phrases.Transformation of base s into clause-clausalization.By way of it s is charged into subordinate or coordinate clausein the process of subordinative or coordinative com bination of s-s.This procedure includes use of conjunctive words.They arrived+ I was relieved of my fears=When they arrieved I was...Transformation of base s into a phrase-phrasalization. By it s is tras-ed into a semi-predic-ve construction or a nominal phrase. 5 Nominal phrases are produced by the process of nominalization. It may be complete(consisting in completely depriving the s of its predic-ve aspect) or partial(Partly depriving of it). Partial nom-n produces infinitive and gerundial phrases. The resulting constr-s produced by application of these procedures in the process of derivational combination of base s-s will be both simple expanded s-s(in case of complete nom-n_ and semi-composite s-s(in case of partial nom-n). 6Syntactic Paradigm of predi-ve Func-s As a part of predi-ve system kernel s-s undergo such structural modifications as immediately express the pred-ve functions of a s-ce, fun-s relating nominative meanings of the s to reality. ............