THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

AGENCY

Discipline: "The English language"

"The basic features of translation informal lexicon"

Kyiv – 2009

The plan

Introduction

1. Translation, as a specific kind of human activity

2. Methods, approaches and receptions which can be applied while translating informal lexicon

2.1 Methods, receptions and approaches of translation

2.2 Translational transformation and types of lexical transformations

2.3 Use euphemism while translating informal lexicon

Conclusions

The list of the used literature

Introduction

During last decades especially intensive development in area translation is observed. Principal causes of this phenomenon are the certain gravitation of the world community to integration. Constantly there is an exchange of the got information (not at all levels, it is usual), cultural properties. The international conferences both with scientific, and on social questions are carried out. There is a vigorous exchange in the field of the film-industry. Though, probably, it would be more expedient to tell, that there is an intensive inflow of the western film-industry on our market. All this appreciably predetermines development translation, in fact any area whether sciences, whether cultures, whether a social life the understanding, adequacy demands the certain approach, on the part of speaking another language partners.

Very much frequently while translating the scientific, technical whether economic literature the translator encounters the certain realities which not to clear our reader and at all have no conformity in our language. In such cases of a task of the translator consists in that is whenever possible more exact, понятнее and more shortly to recreate them in our language. Certainly, not always it is possible to reach all at once – sometimes it is necessary to endow conciseness, managing in a descriptive explanation of this or that lexeme; sometimes it is necessary to replace simply their reality on such, that the certain measure перекликается with ours, has the common with ours of an attribute, thus deforming the certain measure the maintenance of the original.

Nevertheless, not beginning from all this the certain sides of translation remain poorly investigated. So, one of such problems is translation so-called «informal (not literary) lexicon» – oral colloquial lexicon which if it is used outside of sphere of informal dialogue of people, creates comic or ironical effect. The colloquial lexicon, as well as book, in informal dialogue can be common, reduced (popular speech) and to exist as social dialects.

Social dialects as L. Stavitska rebukes, it is the version of language used as means of dialogue between people, the connected close social or professional generality, i.e. it is language of the certain social group. Considerable the factor which causes occurrence of social dialects is social heterogeneity of a society which has various professional, and also century groups. The reason of occurrence of social dialects can be and social-class heterogeneity of a society [L. Stavitska, 2005: 20].

The most convenient in opinion Stavitska, there is such terminological – conceptual paradigm «social dialects»: jargon, professional jargon, slang, not normative lexicon [53, With 22]. And authors of the illustrated dictionary American slang M. Moskovtsev and S. Shevchenko in the definition of informal lexicon, except for slang and not normative lexicon, including the most rough and vulgar words and expressions, allocate also euphemisms [34, C.25]. Popular speech, or the reduced (not normative) lexicon, characteristic for informal conversation, includes insulting, humiliating or swear words, and is mainly used in informal dialogue. It be rather relative covers for slang and slangs, and the greater attention concentrates on vulgarisms and depreciate to lexicon.

The use such gives a layer of lexicon speech of ironicalness and expressiveness, and recently starts to penetrate more and more to publicist, though and not to a semi-official organ.

Without knowledge of it to a layer of lexicon, on an idea of Century. Devkin’s, at investigated foreign language to do without very hardly. This lexicon represents powerful enough, absolute integral part of a lexicon [15, With 5]. Acquaintance to it necessary – to understand daily language to seize the important part regional geography to be able to decipher implied sense, witty expressions, the associative plan of statements what the good translator who aspires to pull together the reader to the author maximum cannot do without.

Therefore, very much frequently during translation of any literary work, a film, etc., having faced such foreign analogues, before the translator there is a question: how to transfer this or that word? How to recreate that or other expression? In fact, in most cases, the literal translation does not find exact display in language on which translation is carried out. And usual omission or unjustified mitigation vulgarisms, slangy words, or their replacement euphemisms very much frequently damages translation through discrepancy of transfer of mood, emotions of the hero, to style of the author. Therefore, we adhere to idea which it is possible and sometimes it is necessary to shift the author's uses of such lexemes adequately.

The linguist – translator who deals with language in all its real variety, cannot shut eyes to that objectively exists. ............