Classic philosophy of quality
1. What is quality?
“That correctly and it is good to live, it is needed to be able and want to live it is correct well».
“If even everybody will do everything, that in his forces is however is an answer, adequate complication of problem of quality» Edvards V. Deming Quality and necessities of Man.
The Modern picture of quality of wares is based on principle of the most complete implementation of requirements and wishes of user, and this principle must be stopped up in basis of project of any good. The user of good can be both a separate man and collectives of people are enterprises, organizations or society on the whole (picture 1).
Picture 1. Good as mean of satisfaction of necessities
In any case necessities are related to properties of human personality. The psyche of man is uttery difficult, and the enough complete theories of necessities of man are not yet built. Nevertheless, now there is a row of theories, describing kinds and mutual relations of necessities on the basis of which the developer of wares can operate sufficiently sure and to labour for good practical results.
One of the most widespread theories is a theory of hierarchy of necessities of English scientific Abraham Maslou (Abraham Maslow) [1], pulled out them in 50th of our age. On Maslou, there are 5 groups or levels of necessities (see of Ris.2). A lower level is basic or physiological necessities, such, as requirements are in food, clothes, dwelling et cetera, which are determined biological nature of man. More high level is requirements in protected from the “shots of fate», such, as accidents, illnesses, disability, poverty and other which can violate possibility of satisfaction of necessities of previous level – physiological necessities. Yet more high level is social necessities, that requirements in socializing, mutual relations with other people. On Maslou, the necessities of every level are related to possibility of satisfaction of necessities of previous level, and social necessities are caused aspiration more fully to satisfy requirements in protected. A next level is necessities of confession, or necessities of “Ego». It is requirements in prestige, respect of circumferential, to glory et cetera The greatest level of necessities is requirements in self-perfection, or necessity of development. It is possible to consider that all these types of necessities exist not only for a separate man but also for the collectives of people, including enterprises and society on the whole.
Picture 2. Role of good in satisfaction of necessities on the basis of theory of A. Maslou
In times of the use of theory the row of clarifications major which it is been from was done:
· on Maslou, passing to the necessity takes place more high level, if the necessity of previous level is satisfied on 100%; modern psychologists consider that this percent less than – poryadka 70% and even less;
· the hierarchy of necessities of concrete man is in a great deal determined the level of development of his psyche, it changes from a man to the man and different for one man in different periods of his life. With development of psyche of man of necessity more high level become major as compared to the necessities of more low level.
2. Quality, value and cost of good
In an order to satisfy the necessities of man, good must be certain characteristics, and degree of accordance between properties of good and determines quality of good the necessities satisfied with his help. The degree of satisfaction of user good serves as a measure of quality of wares presently, determined correlation of cost and value (to the use value) of good: {Quality} = {Satisfaction of user} = {Value} / {Ctoimost'}.
For a producer all products, not containing defects which would hinder a sale this products, have a value. For an user those properties of products, which correspond his expectations, have a value only. For us three basic between's are important by a value and cost:
- between a value and cost of products for an user (Q);
- between a value and cost of products for a producer (QP);
- between a value for an user and producer (Ê); this correlation determines the competitiveness of production to a great extent.
We will consider, as these correlations changed in the process of development of production in a 20-mcode age.
Conceptions of enterprise and quality
“Approach to the problem is more important, than its decision» Law of Hall.
There always are internal and external aims in entrepreneurial activity. Internal aims are put before itself by a businessman, beginning or developing business. They, as a rule, personal is an increase of own profit, satisfaction what – that the personal ambitions and inclinations et cetera External aims of enterprise are those aims on which expects society, letting a businessman his activity. For society not enough, that a businessman only deducted him a certain stake arrived as taxes, it is necessary for him, that activity of businessman helped to decide those tasks, which society before itself puts.
In the most general sense, these tasks are related to upgrading life in society, on the principle that society understands under such quality. Activity of businessman is always social, and in the developed society businessman it realizes perfectly. He builds the activity on the basis of philosophy of enterprise are conceptions, describing most general principles, going near the production of wares and services, management of such operations, mutual relations between a businessman, employees of enterprise, society, state, natural environment. ............
