Tomsk Polytechnical University

«Expert analysis of problem Chernobyl power plant»

Made by:

Student of group 13A82, FTI

D. Sidelyov

Checked by:

S.S. Bydkova

Tomsk – 2010

CONTENTS

 

Introduction

1. Current status of Chernobyl NPP

2. Solutions

3. Conclusion

References

INTRODUCTION

 

This article investigates the problem of the 20th century, the name of which is the Chernobyl accident. As it is known, nothing has changed in the case of the Chernobyl disaster. Area around the power plant has become a zone of alienation. Nature and life destroyed, in addition, protective surface around the power plant almost destroyed due to the radioactive effects. There is also a huge problem to support the affected population: necessary to make a census of the affected population, to carry out compensation.

The accident occurred during the trials on the use of run-turbine generator for own needs nuclear power plant when its full deenergizing, it was the suggestion of the chief designer (Research Development Institute of Power, Moscow).

The tests are mainly regarded as a test of electrical equipment, the impact of such an experiment on the reactor was not sufficiently analyzed. Program for conduct such experiments was necessary to thoroughly discuss and agree with the general designer, chief designer, project scientist for nuclear power plants with RBMK (high-energy, channel) reactors (Institute of Atomic Energy Kurchatov (IAE), Moscow).

This was not done. Moreover, rules do not require from the management of nuclear power stations of the coordination of such programs with the above organizations at that time in the Soviet Union.

Successful completion of the tests from the current position, is unlawful.

Thus, the main causes of the disaster are:

1. Carrying out of underutilized and properly prepared electrical experiment.

2. Low levels of professional culture operators, guides as stations and electrification of the Ministry as a whole in the field of nuclear safety of NPPs.

3. Low level of security graphite-uranium reactor RBMK1000.

4. Design flaws RBMK1000.

5. Human error.

All these facts are known to the world community. However, the overall volume of work that was necessary to perform as a result of this disaster, the role of science in solving problems of radiation catastrophes, the role of interaction between government, scientists and political forces in the aftermath of the disaster, the role of socio-psychological factors remain unknown, not only a wide circles of the world public, but even (in some cases) public in affected countries. [1]

As known, the problem of Chernobyl nuclear power plant has not been solved completely, and at the present time these problems have to be decided.

There is a conventional way of solving the problem of protective infrastructure in the scientific world. This solution consists of two parts, such as:

-re-building protective surface;

-reburial of the generated waste.

My main aim is a finding the most suitable solution, while investigating the problems connected with Chernobyl NPP.

 

1. CURRENT STATUS OF CHERNOBYL NPP

chernobyl power plant

Chernobyl NPP, after shutting down the third power in 2000, is in the mode of termination and decommissioning. Termination of electricity Chernobyl was done on the basis of the Government of Ukraine signed a "Memorandum of Understanding between the Governments of the Group of Seven, the European Community Commission and the Government of Ukraine to close Chernobyl".

Total number of personnel at the Chernobyl NPP today is about 3.5 thousand people. A significant number of contractor personnel (about 2 thousand people) are also involved In the Chernobyl.

In preparation for the decommissioning of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant being built at the site of new facilities. [2]

2. SOLUTIONS

The old sarcophagus was strengthened in 2004-2008, bearing in mind that integrity will last about 15 years, but current status requires immediate repair. The main part of scientist considers that sarcophagus requires full changing. Then question about sarcophagus is closed. But questions about radioactive waste are being discussed nowadays.

Nowadays, radioactive waste, which are generated as a result of the work and decommission Chernobyl nuclear power plant, transport to the CDEP "Buryakovka. However, the volume of radioactive waste are large enough, so it is necessary to reconstruct the CDEP "Buryakovka" (pic. 1). The reconstruction CDEP means increasing production volumes for the disposal of radioactive waste. The project is the first reconstruction CDEP "Buryakovka" was based on the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 480 dated April 29, 1996. [1, 3]

Picture 1 – The scheme of reconstruction of CDEP "Buryakovka". [4]

CDEP "Buryakovka is intended for disposal of solid low-and intermediate-level radioactive waste. Repository has the form of modules (tranches), which could be repeated as many times, depending on the amount of waste to be disposed of. For burial radioactive waste, which are generated as a result of reconstruction of Chernobyl sarcophagus, it is proposed to re-use CDEP "Buryakovka", where necessary to increase production capacity according with plan 1996. [1]

The existing sarcophagus is temporary built over the destroyed reactor of Chernobyl nuclear power plant. ............