Ministry of education and science of Republic Kazakhstan

University of International Business

Management Department

TERM PAPER

THEME: Unemployment: reasons and main forms

prepared by: Kulusheva Anar 117 group

scientific Adviser: Tulegenov S. V.

Almaty, 2008

Plan:

Introduction

Chapter 1. All about Unemployment

1.1 What is unemployment?

1.2 How is unemployment measured?

1.3 Why are there always some people unemployed?

1.4 Working resources and its classification

Chapter 2. Unemployment in practical

2.1 Unemployment Insurance

2.2 Types of unemployment

2.3 Distribution of manpower

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Why I choose this theme?

We all are living in globalization epoch. So, slight changing in economy some countries in the one side of earth, are prove a big influence for economy all countries in the entire world.

Due to , that economy all world’s countries connected with each other and measures undertaken by this countries about getting down this problem must be coordination.

Nowadays mortgage crisis in USA influenced for many countries economy and for Kazakhstan’s economy too. And afterwards of any economy crisis is unemployment. Today this theme is very topical.

All countries need to find measure for saving economy in their country from crisis and find method to limit quantity of unemployed, because increase quantity of unemployed is aggravate crisis in all country’s economical branches.

Losing a job can be the most distressing economic event in a person’s life. Most people rely on their standard of living, and many people get from their work not only income but also a sense of personal accomplishment. A job loss means a lower living standard in the present, anxiety about the future and reduced self-esteem. It is not surprising, therefore, that politicians campaigning for office often speak about how their proposed policies will help create jobs.

A country that saves and invests a high fraction of its income, for instance, enjoys more rapid growth in its capital stock and its GDP than similar country that saves and invests less. An even more obvious determinant of a country’s standard of living is the amount of unemployment it typically experiences. People who would like to work but cannot find a job are not contributing to the economy’s production of goods and services. Although some degree of unemployment is inevitable in a complex economy with thousands of firms and millions of workers, the amount of unemployment varies substantially over time and across countries. When a country keeps its workers as fully employed as possible, it achieves a higher level of GDP than it would if it left many of its workers standing idle.

The problem of unemployment is usefully divided into two categories – the long-run problem and the short-run problem. The economy’s natural rate of unemployment refers to the amount of unemployment that the economy normally experience.

Chapter 1. All about unemployment

1.1  What is unemployment?

The answer to this question may seem obvious: an unemployed person is someone who does not have a job. But as economists we need to be precise and careful in our definition of economic categories. If you are in full-time education, for example, you do not have a full-time job in the usual sense of the word – i.e. you are not in full-time paid employment. And there is good reason: you are studying. Hence you are not available for work. What if you were not a student but were suffering from some long-term illness that meant that you were unfit for work. Again, although you would not have a job, we would not say that you were unemployed because you would not be available for work. From these two examples, it seems clear that we need to qualify our original definition of an unemployed person as ‘someone who does not have a job’ to ‘someone who does not have a job and who is available for work’.

But we still need to be clear as to what we mean by ‘available for work’. Suppose you were not in full-time employment and were looking for a job and I offered you a job as my research assistant for 50 pence a day. Would you take it? If we ignore for a moment the complication that economic research is so interesting that it is its own reward, you would probably not take the job because the wage rate offered is so low. At another extreme, suppose you won so much money on the National Lottery that you decided you would leave university and live off your winnings for the rest of your life. Would you be unemployed? No, because you would still be unavailable for work, no matter what wage rate you were offered. Thus, being unemployed also depends upon whether you are willing to work (whether you are ‘available for work’) at going wage rates.

We are now in a position to give a more precise definition of what it means to be unemployed: the number unemployed in an economy is the number of people of working age who are able and available for work at current wage rates and who do not have a job.

Normally, economists find it more convenient to speak of the unemployment rate. This expresses the number unemployed as a percentage of the labor force, which in turn can be defined as the total number of people who could possibly be employed in the economy at any given point in time. If you think about it, this must be equal to the total number of people who are employed plus the total number of people who are unemployed.

1.2  How Is unemployment Measured?

The claimant Count. One simple way is to count the number of people who, on any given day, are claiming unemployment benefit payments from the government – the so-called claimant count. ............